Thong Loih (Saccade).
Zo minphuin thokeinaw: Laephi vawlang minphuin thokeinaw anyh ae’ paw (anthropology) ae’
nynh minphuin alepaw (3) a ung aci ae’. Tu-e ae’ tuh (a) Mongoloid (b) Aostraid (c) Negoroid ae’ nynh athua ae’. Asia rang kya a ungpaw minphuin hynh Mongoloid minphuin kya-e nynh
athua. Tuinkyaze Vae rang a ungpaw minphuin ae’ hynh, Tibeto - Myanmar nynh athua oh.Tibeto - Myanmar lungkhu kya hynh Vae, Zo(chin), Kachin, Rakhine, Kadu te Naka ae’ ah ung bua oh. E ae’ kya blyn Vae rang a tee ty ae’ paw hynh Zo minphuin ae’ nynh athua oh.
Vae rang lang teenaw kung: Zo minphuin hae Vae rang atee maw ae’ Pyu te The minphun ae’ hynh Vae rang la ung ty ae’. Zo ae’ hynh AD 400 te 700 laku kya Vae rang la tee ae’.
Vae rang kya minphuin alepaw (8) a ung oh. Minphuin adih ae’ paw (135) a ung. 9.7.1989 kung Vae rang milu 100 kyaze Kachin 1.478%, Kaya 0.459%, Karen 6.705%, Chin 2.119%, Mon 2.55%, Shan 9.66%, Rakhine 4.366%, Vae 67.207% a ung kuh. Zo rang kya milu 400,000 lae a ungkuh.
Zo minphuin: Zo rang kya a ungpaw minphuin taraw ae’ tu 1. Laimi, 2. Mete 3. Luse(kalinkaw) 4. Khami 5. Salai 6. Awwakhami 7. Khawnu 8. Khaungsai 10. Khualim 11. Khuali(sim) 12. Kanbe 13. Paite 14. Ngawn 15. Sitang 16. Senthang 17. Saitan 18. Zatawng 19. Zotung 20. Zo 21. Zophei 22. Zangiat 23. Tapawng 24. Tidim 25. Thesang 26. Tlaisun 27. Kadar 28. Teri 29. Din 30. Dai(Zindu) 31. Tangdu 32 .Naka 33. Maring 34. Panang 35. Mskang 36. Matu 37. Mara(Miram) 38. Mise 39. Muang 40. Lusai(Lusei) 41. Leimyo 42. Lente 43.Lautu 44. Lai 45. Laiphupho 46. Pakim(maru) 47. Hualngo 48. Anuu 49. Aana 50. Hupa 51. Hlingku 52. Ashochin (Mepianhchim) 53. Zawngtu minphuin taraw phuin-53
(sung pangaw phuinthum) lang phiaku za bya phuin-42 (sungpali ccangning) a hoi oh.
Zotung minphuin : Zotung minphuin kya phuin amin patae phiakuh za abapi langte phuin thung langte khua lah sah hae. Zotung rang a tee takaw ae’ te na rang, ka rang, na pee, na khua cite rangri phia ae’ zah khua a sah ae’. Sungsahkunaw, sawtuakunaw, thawccikunaw, accing. Mimaw zui langpaw phungpaw raekuh ae’ za a zui ae’. Alue pawze bya apae thyh ae’ hawte atungvaw ray a law ae’.
Minphuin phuinthung lang a phia ae’,1. Bawi 2. Mihthya 3. See.
1. Bawi : Rang,Khua, ccungccaw a hoitu paw thuazah minphuin kya a hang huapaw nynh athua.
2. Mihthya : Bawi ae’ khua a sahnaw ae’kya nulang a zuikuhtu nynh athua. Bawi nynh aho abou sahnaw miakaw rya lawpahtu nynh athua.
3. See : Bawi nynh ah inn kya a ungsah buapaw minphuin nynh athua. Mee lang mah a sya kho, ukccaw lang mah a zua kho. See lang la kyng ae’ paw hynh doo langze :
1. Angae hua ae’ paw
2. Aruh a-ngah ae’ paw
3. Ahyn akaw ae’ paw
4. Lae sang kho lei ae’ paw
5. Mihmaw te mihmaw a rawkuh ae’ paw
6. Sarangpaw thinglung ahoi ae’ paw
7. Mihmaw te mihmaw atheihkuh ae’ paw
8. Khozi raw rih leih ae’ paw
9. Ryalaw hualei ae’ paw
10. Raw tuh ae’ za asung ae’ paw.
Athya ahaw ae’ paw nynh minphuin laeze ccungccaw oun thuasapaw ccungccaw mee (tanpho) hynh bapi hua athua aci ae’. Akawlang e thinglung accyngkuh lei paw tuh ccungccaw athua mee a ung lei paw thuaza langmaw lya e see thinglung ( ui thinglung) cihte aci ae’.
1. Pachia raw a rih, Pachia a-ngaehoikuh.
2. Ccungccaw miakaw ccungccaw hawte a muih (doo bung khyh).
3. Ccungccaw thaw accih.
4. A seinaw hopya ze alung atua.
5. Ahmaw a hoiinaw kung ho mang khyh .
6. Ahmung a myh, bya patae ho khyh.
7. Ahmaw a ccu kya athadyn kho, milae nynh bungkupaw, ngaehoiku khyh.
8. Ccungccaw patae hoiinaw hanlang ahmaw asung langpaw pawpaw tua ung sa khyh.
9. Ahmaw te ahmaw zynkunaw (confidence) hoi zah ading.
10. Ahoipaw ukccaw, athyapaw hawnaw miakaw mihlae apya bua ry.
11. Milae ei-ungnaw, ngae rykuh khyh naw hoi khyh.
12. Any leipawte athya leipaw mihlae khia lang notah(hua) kukhyh.
13. Asei –ame naw kya seisaku ccisa khyh.
14. Atu e hawnaw hynh nyalang ccyh kya ngaenawpaw nynh athua cih cihte atua.
15. Ka nypaw ablyn te pawsangma ka nyh loh khyh cite atuakuh.
16. Kae lae ahawpaw patae a ung cite atua.
17. Ccungccaw maethya ung langpaw bya ho khyh.
18. Sosoh lungkhu tuatou leite bya ho khyh.
19. Athaepaw bya hoo pathy mang khyh.
20. Ahoii lei paw bya khia mang khyh.
Mr. Wallmatt a pyanaw (zeinaw) kyaze,a vawlang e thinglung accynkuh lei paw tuh ccungccaw a thuanaw mee a ung lei paw cihte azei.
Zotung ccungccaw ae’ zemah Mr. Wallmatt nynh oun thaesah paw kya e hynhte ahinnaw (ozia) dookuh thui kalan osih. Zotung minphuin ae’ thinglung oun paleiku-oh.
Zo minphun thinglung oun rulaekuh vae
Zo ae’ Vae rang atee takaw lya ae’hynh myarya alah hoii ae’. Akung patae oun saw tuh ei-ungkuhnaw, raw kuhnaw, kho kheih te kho khei doukuhnaw te ung ae’za athaw saehua pawnyhh anya huapaw kha ukccaw luakute chiabiakuhnaw cia mih thinglung kya oun ung vae. Miraw accozah nynh oun uk liate rawku te chiakupaw daehua zah innvaw akuaku ae’paw see(slave) ae’ luenaw pung apya ae’. A.D (18) kumzabu nyalang kyate Zo ccungccaw ae’ ahoiipaw lang bua tanthui ae’ cite Chin History kya a-ung.
Langmaw lya sarangpaw hawte la-ung ae’paw Zo minphuin ae’hynh nyalang tuh hawnaw see nynh oun thua nua ae’za PHUNGTHO tyngsanaw thinglung mah oun hoi vae ae’.
Lawsah hynh laphae, sung u law, bawi law, etc.. cite patae ahoi ae’. See thaw e ccungccaw ae’nynh khuryng law athya ry vae khyh oh zah vyavya azo vae. Haekhaw ae’tuh phungtho avae khyhnawlang cihte kunh kheih ze vae kheih beik-inn kya Phungtho lonawnin(Culture Sunday) hoi ae’za thokeinawpaw tyngdaw te beih-inn pulpit vawlang te alaw ae’.Rev Van Hre te ccangpaw pastor ae’mah alaw bua ae’. Minphuin thokeinawpaw te beihnaw tuh aphiaku thyaleipaw aci ae’.
Zotung ram mah malang tuh phungtho te Pachia beihnaw ccyh oun rae cih oh cihte kazyn.
Zotung rang e Nungpaw Byakhupaw
(1) Nung bya-Paw bya ngae lei, zuby langte po.
(2) Bawizou zua nang, vohlatho ehang nae sia cih.
(3) Sakhi chi maw, saphua phae nang.
(4) Ccaeling sephae hawkuh haw.
(5) Chihkua innsah noukuh haw.
(6) Nawnia te ccephaw khuaccung kheih ae’ bangccaw.
(7) Rawpuh nynh saw tae khyh.
(8) Awpi khua za, khuadae khyh.
(9) Ui loo lang ccia banccaw.
(10) Awpinung la rah, samaw alung la tua.
(11) Kaethung lang lung vua kho lei, patung bya khung kho lei.
(12) Loisu khua-o banccaw.
(13) Mithya thinglung angkae chi lua lei.
(14) Mithya le, tuihung le.
(15) Bawi-inn pe ung te, tuinoh pe loo pho.
(16) Vung kaw ryanaw, zudy ryanaw.
CCAW (Literature)
Langmaw lya ccaw ah hoi khyh keiccu oh ze Zotung phungpaw hynhma pung ny kho ung vae khyh. Pawpi atawhuapaw khia lang ae’ zema lu kheih te lu kheih aho ae’ paw loku vae khyh. Ccaw la thya ae’ze phungpaw ccae rarih lang pung ny kho langpaw. Paw Khua Mying nynh Zotung ccaw arae koute thaekunaw te nynaw patae oun pya. Bya ho rypaw te pekipaw miakaw tungku leite myarya asawnaw kalan ema ccaw te thaesa kho athua vae. Paw Khua Mying tungvaw Zotung ccungccaw miakaw lungtuanaw patae ah hoi cih oh cihte ka zyn. Zotung minphun miakaw nynh Zotung ccaw thya myarya aho. Ccaw hoikhyhze minphuin azokho. Vae rang lungkhu la ung ty ae’paw Pyu minphuin ae’ hynh ccaw la hoi khyh keiccu ae’ze minphuin phe azo vae ae’. Zotung minphuin azo khyh nawlang Zotung ccaw tyngsah kou aho.
Zotung rang Uhsuh te Khuamin
Uhsuh….(22 )
Khua…...(43) & (Myo-ne ccang lang e khua ae’ = 9)
Uhsuh min Khuamin
1. Nawbung a. Nawbung
b. Dawccung
c. Ramcci
2. Lungdua a. Lungdua
b. Tuphae
3. Ccangcceih a. Ccangcceih
b. Khoboi
4. Daedin a. Daedin
b. Suitung
5. Zesaw a. Zesaw
b. Sungpi
c. Thesi
d. Lungring
6. Tingsi a. Tingsi
b. Tuilaw
7.Aekaw a. Aekaw
8. Saccade a. Saccade
9. Lotaw a. Lotaw
b. Lawvaw
c. Tuitaw
10. Thawlang a. Thawlang
b. Siangaw
c. Lungphialia
11. E Tang a. E tang
b. Thangdya
c. Ramsae
12. Tuibyng a. Tuibyng
13. Hingthang a. Hingthang
14. Rezua a. Rezua
15. Rovaw a. Rovaw (A)
b. Rovaw (B)
16. Ccungsung a. Ccungsung
b. Langly
c. Ccawpi
17. Sesi a. Sesi
b. Tuinia
c. Khotua
18. Beihlae a. Beihlae
b. Kaelung
19. Votui a. Votui
20. Lungngo a. Lungngo
b. Sepi
21. Ccawtui a. Ccawtui.
22. Hunglae a. Hunglae
b. Raso
Myo-ne ccangpaw kya ung ae’paw Zotung ae’(khua)
1. Sahanthung (Keko pee)*
2. Zungnah (Keko pee)
3. Lavoikung (Keko pee)
4. Polei (Keko pee) Zotung bya ho vae khyh ae’.
5. Vuakhipaw (Keko pee) Zotung bya ho vae khyh ae’.
*Angraw (Keko pee, 1996 kung te Polei khua lang pung nuekuh bua vae ae’.)
6. Lungkhy (Haekha pee)
7. Pangvaw (Haekha pee)
8. Ccaho (Haekha pee)
9. Voiru (Mindah pee)
CopyFrom: http://www.freewebs.com/zotungmingphuin
 minphuin){kind=link}